Equipment applicable objects: walnut oil, peanut oil, soybean oil, rapeseed oil, tea seed oil, butt oil and other moving and vegetable oil.

Equipment process: Mao oil → guming → decoloring → deodorization → refined refinement oil

Host equipment:

refined pot: used for hydrated dehydration, neutralizing acid dehydration.

Trimming pot: For the decolorization of fat.

Disposal pot: It is used for high temperature distillation to remove the odor in oil and fat.

Filtering machine: Remove impurities and discolored agents in fat.

1 Refining process process flow chart

2 refining process.

2.1 Reflection of the process of gum -soluble impurities in hair oil into the process of dehydration, physical chemistry, or chemical methods is used as dehydration.Mao oil belongs to the colloid system [1].Among them, phospholipids, protein, mucus, and glycoglyceride soluble impurities such as glycin glycerin not only affect the stability of oil, but also affect the process effect of oil refinement and deep processing.For example, in the process of alkali refinement, it will promote emulsification, increase operational difficulties, increase the amount of consumption and auxiliary agent, and reduce the effect of decolorizing.Undaled hair oil cannot perform physical refining and deodorizing operations.Therefore, hair oil refining must first remove the collagen soluble impurities.

2.2 The process of removing free fatty acids is called dehydration.Free fatty acids are weakened in the physical and chemical stability of fats in oils that will cause the stability of the oil to be weakened [1].Therefore, the procedure of oil and acid desertic acid is the central process of refining process, that is, the neutralized response of free fatty acids in alkali and grease, so that free fatty acids are generated and discharged after soap to achieve the purpose of taking off acid.

2.2.1 Chemical response [2]

incomplete neutrality: 2RCooh+Naoh \u003d RCOOH.RCOONA+H2O

.RCooh+2NAOH;

Sapsuk :: C3H5 (COOR) 3+3NAOH \u003d C3H5 (OH) 3+3rcoONA

2.2.2 Factors affecting the acidity process

2.2.2.1 base amount and alkaline concentration base baseThe amount of dosage directly affects the effect of alkaline refining.The amount of alkali is insufficient, the free fatty acids are neutral and incomplete, and other impurities cannot be fully effectively. The soap film cannot be well condensed, resulting in difficulty separation, poor quality of alkaline refined oil products, and low income.With excessive alkali quantity, neutral oils are saponed and caused to increase refinement loss.Therefore, it is particularly important to correctly master the amount of alkali.

When taking off acid, the total amount of alkali consumed includes two parts. One is the alkali used to neutralize free fatty acids. It is usually called theoretical alkali. It can be obtained by calculating [1].The other part is an extra alkali added to meet the requirements of the process, which is called over -alkali.The determination of ultra -alkali volume must be balanced according to the comprehensive balance of crude oil quality, essential oil quality, refining technology and loss.

The choice of alkali concentration during alkali refining is affected by various factors. The appropriate alkali concentration needs to comprehensively balance many influencing factors [1,2], and determine it through small sample tests.

\u0026 nbsp; \u0026 nbsp; \u0026 nbsp; less oily acid value of more than 6 [3], the soap foot is not large, in order to avoid the production of thin and loose soap feet, the use of higher concentrations of alkali and a certain amount of alkali process is necessary.Essence 2.2.2.2 The operating temperature operation temperature is an important factor that affects acid dehydration, and its main impact is reflected in the initial temperature, final temperature, and heating speed of the acid.The probability of fats by saponification increases with the increase in operating temperature, so the operating temperature is controlled at the low temperature of the process restriction to avoid the loss of neutral oil.In the process of neutralizing the reaction, in order to avoid converting into oil/water-type emulsion, so that the phenomenon of oil-soap is not easy to separate, the neutral temperature must be stable and uniform.After neutralizing the reaction, in order to avoid the glue dissolution of soap particles and the absorption of the adsorption component, the faster heated to the temperature of the ZUI. 2.2.2.3 Mixing and mixing and mixing the effect of mixing and mixing are the aspects of the droplets and smaller, and the total area of the alkali liquid increases, thereby increasing the chance of contact with free fatty acids, speeding up the response, shortening the alkaline refining processIt is conducive to the improvement of refining.On the other hand, the relative movement of alkaline fluid and free fatty acids, increase the rate of reaction, and leave the soap membrane generated by the reaction to leave the alkali drip as soon as possible.However, the mixing or mixing strength of this process should be mild, so as to avoid excessive dispersing the soap membrane under the strong mixing and cause emulsification. 2.2.2.4 The impact of static time and static time on the effect of dehydration is mainly reflected in the neutral saponification loss and comprehensive miscellaneous effects.When other conditions are the same, the longer the oil -alkali contact time, the greater the probability of neutral oil being saponed.Under the premise of comprehensive balance of neutral oil saponic loss, proper extension of the operation time of dehydration is conducive to the removal of other impurities and the improvement of oil color.In the process of dehydration of castor oil, the static precipitation time is 4 to 5 hours. After the oil soap is separated, discharge soap feet and turn into the next process. 2.3 Factors that affect the effects of washing effects during the washing process include temperature, water quality, water volume, stirring, etc.The operating temperature (oil temperature, water temperature) is low, the amount of water is small, and the mixing is inappropriate, which will increase the washing loss and affect the washing effect. 2.4 Dry and decolorizing process Oils are easy to oxidize and deteriorate at high temperatures at high temperature, causing a higher peroxide value, and producing more stable oxide pigments. Therefore, it must be dried off under vacuum conditions. 2.5 deodorization process, if the product quality does not meet the quality standard, it can be considered deodorizing.When deodorizing, the deodorization temperature should not be too high, and the requirements for the vacuum are high.Generally, the deodorization temperature is controlled at 140 ° C to 160 ° C, and the pressure pressure is below 0.67kPa, and the deodorization time is 4h to 6h.After deodorizing to 70 ° C to 80 ° C, it is released.If a small amount of citric acid is added to the deodorization process, the oxidation stability of the oil can be improved.The amount is 0.02%of the oil weight and the concentration is 5%. It can be added at the beginning of deodorization.